Auger for cutting square holes



(No Model.)

W. PATTERSON.

I AUGER FOR CUTTING SQUARE HOLES.

No. 333,662. Patented Jan. 5, 1886.

iii/

M L-$119M M.

5 a 0 ,0211. T T MM hognph w G UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM PATTERSON, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

AUGER FOR CUTTING SQUARE HOLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 333,662,dated January5, 1886.

Application filezl April 20, 1855. Serial N 0. 162,842.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM PATTERSON, a resident of San Francisco,Stateof Galifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inAngers for Cutting Square Holes; and I hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being badto the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to the class of woodcutting tools, known asmortising angers or tools for cutting square holes; and my improvementsconsist of certain novelties in the construction of the cutting-toolsand the mechanism for operating them, and of the combination therewithof a twisted anger or boringtool, from the rotation of which in theoperation of boring the cutting-tools are driven into the wood.

The parts and features constituting my said invention are combined toproduce an improved tool of the character described.

The following description fully explains the nature of my said inventionand the manner in which Iproceed to construct, apply, and operate thesame the accompanying drawings being referred to by figures and letters.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of the auger,showing theinternal mechanism. Fig. 2 represents elevation ofthe auger. Fig. 3 is aplan view of the hammer. Fig. 4 represents a section of the hammer. Fig.5 is an inverted plan view of the hammer. Fig. 6 is an enlarged view ofpart of the anvil, showing attachment of the chisels. Fig. 7 representselevation of the adjusting-clamp. Fig. 8 is a plan View of the anvil.Fig. 9 represents a section of the auger through the line A B. Fig. 10is an enlarged View of the chisel.

In Fig. 1, a is the auger; b, auger-shank; a, hammer; d, anvil; e,foursided part of anvil;f, conical end of anvil; h, flanges on lower end ofhammer; i, shoulder on anvil for flange of hammer;j, spiral springchamber in hammer; k,cains in spring chamber; Z.spiral spring; m,regulating fixed collars; n, rotating ratchetcollar; 0,cam-pin withfriction-roller attached to rotating ratchet-collar;p, pawl and springon upper fixed collar; q, chisels; to, upper fixed collar, and 10*,lower fixed collar.

(No model.)

In Fig. 2,?) is the auger-shank; c,hammer; e, four-sided partofanvil;f,conical end ofanvil; g, longitudinal guides attached tohammer; a, rotating ratchet-collar; o, cam-pin with fric tionrollerattached to rotating ratchet-collar; p, pawl and spring onupper fixedcollar; q, chisel ;'r, chisels attached to shank; s, screw connectingchisels to anvil o,adjusting-clamp with set-screw; w,upper fixed collar;10 lower fixed collar; and; w chamfered lower edge of anvil betweenchisel shanks, Fig. 3; 7c, cam in spiral-spring chamber.

In Figs. 4,5,0 is the hammemg, longitudinal guides attached to hammer;laflanges onlower end of hammer; j, spiral-spring chamber in hammer, andIt cam in spring chamber.

In Fig. 6,f is the conical end of anvil; i, shoulder on anvil for flangeof hammer; r, chisels attached to shank; r shoulder on inner sideofchisel-shank, and s screw connect ing chisel-shank to anvil.

In Figs. 7, 8,1; is the adjusting-clamp with setscrew; d, anvil; e,four-sided part ol'anvil; and g slots forlongitudinal guides g.

In Figs. 9, 10, t represents connecting-pins in edge of chisel-bits, anda hole for pin in edge of chisel-bit.

The augera is of the ordinary twisted form, having two or more twists,the feed or point being coarser than usual. The lips differ from theordinary construction in that the edge of the pod or twist at the pointof intersection with the lip is ground on its upper surface, giving arectangular cutting-lip. The shank b of the auger may be of any suitablelength. The hammer c is made of steel or iron or other suitable metal,and its external form may be either square or cylindrical in itsinternal construction. It is drilled out on its upper end to a depthsuitable to form chamber 7' for the reception of the spiral spring Z,which surrounds the auger-shank and operates between the bottom of thechamber and the lower fixed collar, w, on the auger-shank.

In the upper part of chamber 3' are formed with the hammer or attachedthereto cams k, for operating pin 0, attachedto rotating ratchetcollar non the auger-shank between fixed collars to ta the collars being held onby the shank by screws. The lower end of the hammer is also drilled outto a suitable depth to ICO receive the anvil d, and in the center of thecavity there is a further drilling for the admission ofregulating-collar m, which is held to the auger-shank by a screw. Thesolid metal between the chamber j and the cavity in the lower end of thehammer constitutes the hammer proper, and extends below the collar m,and maybe of any required thickness. I11 drilling the lower cavity inthe hammer, a flange, h, is formed which passes over a square shoulder,'6. The anvil d, the face of which is formed of tempered steel,projectsabove the four-sided part into the square cavity formed by flanges h.The middle part of the anvil has four plane sides, 6, the corners ofwhich for the required length are cut in dovetail for the reception ofthe ends of the chiselshanks r,which,when in position, butt against thesolid metal above the dovetail, Figs. 2, 6. The chisel-shanks have ashoulder, r, on their inner sides fitting directly under the square partof the anvil, and are held by a screw, 8, Fig. 6. The lower edges of theanvil between the chisel-shank are chamfered, w, and conform in theirangle to the conical end f. The conical end may form part of the anvilor be constructed separately and attached thereto. Both hammer and anvilare bored centrally for the reception and action of the auger-shank. Onthe lower end of the hammer are two or more projecting gnides,g,whichpass into slots g in the sides of the anvil and hold both hammer andanvil in position and prevent their rotating with the auger. The bits ofthe chisels q may be right angled or other desired form, and the edgesstraight, convex, or concave, and are'ground on their inner side. Theymay be connected by a pin, it, or other suitable way, the head of thepin being attached to the edge of one bit and the point entering thehole a in the edges of the other bit. One or more chisel-shanks may begraduated to desired mortise and adjusted by the clamp and setscrew o.The clamp is placed on the outside of the shank, and in the flange isthe setscrew, and in the other end a book form to catch on inner side ofshank. The rotating ratchetcollar it works between the fixed collars w10*. The ratchets are on its upper face, in which the pawl 12operates,and is held in the ratchets by a small spring, Figs. 1, 2.

The operation of the tool is as follows: By the rotation of the augerthe pin 0 on the ratchet-collar n travels on the edge of a cam, 7:, toits extreme lower end, causing the hammer c to rise and the spiralspring Z to contract. From the lower extremity of the cam the pin movesupward to the starting-point of the next cam, which causes the spring toexpand and the hammer to drop and deliver successive blows upon the faceof the anvil, which drive the chisels q slightly in advance of theauger-feed and produces a square out in the wood, the chips from whichis lifted out by the rotation of the auger and the form of its lip. Thecollar m regulates the feed of the chisels, according to the quality ofthe wood chamfered edges w, permits the free passage of chips from themortise between the chiselshanks. The longitudinal hammer-guides g,acting in slots g in the anvil, bind hammer and anvil and prevent theirrotation with the auger, and also prevent the disconnection of hammerand anvil when the hammer is raised to deliver blows.

As I have shown, the straight cuts and the angles or corners are made inthe wood in advance of the action of the lips and cuttingedges of theboring-tool, the effect of which is to produce a clean hole with sharpcorners. This cannot be accomplished with certainty if theboring-toolworks in advance of the chisels.

Theimproved tool thus produced is adapted for use in a frame or holdersimilar to that used for a common mortising auger, and it may be usedalso in a machine worked by hand or power.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of an anger, a, having two or more twists,and thefeed or point coarse, and a rectangular cuttinglip, chisels q,surrounding said auger, and formed in right angle or straight, withtheir edges straight, convex, or concave, a hammer, 0, having a verticalmovement on the shank b of the auger to deliver a succession of blowsupon an anvil, and the anvil d, to which the shanks of the chisels q areattached, the said movement of the hammer being produced in onedirection by the rotation of the auger, and in the other direction bythe spiral spring Z, substantially as hereinbefore described.

2. In -a mortising tool for cutting square holes, the combination of theanger or boring device, the cutting device formed of a chisel orchisels, a hammer having a vertical movement, and an anvil to which thechisels are attached, the said hammer being adapted to deliver asuccession of blows upon the said anvil during the rotation of theauger, and the whole adapted to move on the auger-shank, substantiallyas specified.

8. The combination of an anger, a, chisels q, surrounding theauger-blades, the hammer c, and anvil d, surrounding the auger-shank,the guides 9, extending from the hammer, slots for the passage of theguides, the spiral spring Z, engaging the hammer, cam k, regulating-collar m of the auger-stem, ratchetcollar n, arranged on theauger-stem, the campin, pawl and ratchets, and fixed collars 'w w on theauger-stem, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of the separable, angular, or straight chisels (1,having pins, andholes u, to receive the pins to preserve true linearposition of the chisels, and the clamp carrying a set-screw to embraceand lock the chisel-secanvil to which the shanks of said chisels are 10tions together and serve with an auger, subattached, substantially asspecified.

stantiallyas specified. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 5. Thecombination of a rotating auger, a, my hand and seal.

surrounding chisels q, the hammer c, and an- WVILLIAM PATTERSON. [L. S.]

vil,d, arranged, respectively, on the shank of \Vitnesscs:

the auger, and the said hammer being oper- A. B. SMITH,

ated by the rotary movement of the auger so R. H. MORTON,

as to deliver successive blows upon the said G. O. KNAPP.

